Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
The fuel of life
Summary
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar. It is the basic fuel that cells burn to produce energy, known as "blood sugar" when it is in the blood.
In depth
Glucose (D-glucose) is the most common monosaccharide among the carbohydrates. In its open-chain form, the aldehyde group can react with a hydroxyl group to close a ring (the pyranose form); in water, this six-membered ring structure dominates by far. When it is broken down in respiration through glycolysis → the Krebs cycle → the electron transport chain, it produces about 30 or more ATP molecules. The human brain gets almost all of its energy from glucose.
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